The History of Epimanikia in the Orthodox Church

Epimanikia are liturgical cuffs worn by Orthodox Christian clergy as part of their vestments during the Divine Liturgy and other services. Their origin, symbolism, and use have deep theological and historical roots.

Origins and Development

The epimanikia likely evolved from the sleeve cuffs of imperial Byzantine court dress, eventually becoming part of the formal attire of the clergy. By the 10th century, they were commonly used by bishops and gradually became standard for priests and deacons as well.

Early references appear in Byzantine liturgical texts and iconography, where clergy are depicted wearing epimanikia over the sleeves of their inner vestments (sticharion). Over time, they became more decorative and symbolic, often embroidered with crosses, Christograms, or icons.

Form and Function

Epimanikia are two separate cuffs, one for each wrist, laced with cords. They are worn over the sleeves of the sticharion and beneath the outer vestments. For:

• Priests and Bishops: epimanikia are worn under the phelonion or sakkos.

• Deacons: they are worn under the orarion.

Practically, they help to keep the sleeves in place during liturgical actions, but their true purpose is symbolic.

Theological Symbolism

Epimanikia represent the bonds of Christ and remind the clergy that their strength comes from God, not from their own power. Each cuff has an accompanying prayer, based on scriptural verses, traditionally said while vesting:

• Right cuff (Exodus 15:6):

  “Your right hand, O Lord, is glorified in strength; your right hand, O Lord, has shattered enemies. And in the greatness of Your glory, You have crushed Your adversaries.”

• Left cuff (Psalm 119:73):

  “Your hands have made and fashioned me; give me understanding, and I will learn Your commandments.”

These prayers connect the act of putting on the cuffs with the spiritual readiness and humility required to serve at the altar.

Modern Use and Craftsmanship

Today, epimanikia are still an essential part of Orthodox liturgical vestments. They vary in design depending on the tradition (Greek, Russian, Antiochian, etc.) and the rank of the clergy. Many are richly embroidered with gold or silver thread, and some are customized to match the complete vestment set.